This guide focuses on strategies, key activities, tools, financing and engagement that result in structuring a district energy (DE) system that is well-planned, designed, built and operated throughout the major stages of its lifecycle, often many decades long. Based on case studies from Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, Sweden, UK and USA, this report draws on best practices, experience and enabling policy to focus on the challenges and benefits of the various governance and financing models in place around the world today. It also identifies the major drivers for project development or reinvestment, to explore how different aspects of projects have motivated certain stakeholders to support these long and complex processes. This report will outline which benefits have been prime drivers and which governance and financial structures have helped produce different benefits to different stakeholders. The intent is to provide multiple lenses through which a city, campus, or neighborhood can view their unique DE challenges and opportunities. Every effort has been made to identify the aspects of these structures that are transferable to other locations, and to emphasize the findings, lessons, and approaches that are relevant and actionable for localities around the world.
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